Tag: piping systems

The mass balance formula is the mass of fluid added to system = mass subtracted plus fluid accumulated by system.

Energy acts as defined by the first law of thermodynamics.

Energy is capacity for work by system through work having previously done. When work has been done producing change in motion, position or molecular conditions, system has acquired capacity for work.

When a body is moved against a resistance, work must be done upon the body.

Viscosity is resistance of fluid to shear stress, the boundary between fluid and container.

The Law of Equilibrium is when a body is at rest, the external forces acting upon it must be in equilibrium and there must be zero net moment on the body.

Net Pressure Suction Head is net (left over) + pressure of suction force into pump intake after friction loss. Liquid head height or liquid head pressure + gravity pressure – friction loss = net head of pressure force into pump.

Head is defined as the amount of mechanical energy per unit weight.

Head loss is due to friction between pipe and fluid in the pipe.

Pressure is monitored to prevent state change, and determine overall fluid velocity.

Press loss occurs due to bends, elbows, joints, valves and form losses.

The two types of flow rate are mass flow rate and volumetric flow rate.

Couples are 2 parallel forces of equal magnitude acting in opposite directions.

Simple forces are 2 + forces that act upon a body at 1 point. These can be single or combined.

The moment of force with respect to given point is tendency of force to produce rotation around it. Positive is a clockwise direction. Negative is a counterclockwise direction.

Gas is a fluid that expands to fill a vessel. It is compressed easily and it will change in pressure with any change in volume or density.

Material related considerations are chemical, metallurgical, and physical properties. They are important factors because the piping system’s material constituents determine suitability for particular services.

Operating conditions that result in progressive physical/chemically induced deterioration of piping system lead to breach of pressure boundary and structural failure.

The parameters are size, layout, dimensional limits, and proportions of piping systems.