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Vibration, thermal bowing, creep, thermal fatigue, and steam/water.

Excessive flexibility causes an increase in material costs, pressure drops, and loss of pump efficiency.

Using flexible piping with bends and turns, use of expansion loops between fixed locations, or use of expansion joints between two anchor points of a pipe run.

Flexibility analysis assures that there is not any overstress or fatigue, leakage at joints or distortions are piping connections or terminals.

To produce neither excessive stress within the configuration and limit excessive end reaction at the piping terminal.

Conventional and nuclear power plant, petroleum refinery, chemical industry, natural gas transmission, food processing and pharma industry, water and sewage plants, air conditioning and refrigeration system.

What are some applications for a piping system?

September 3, 2015

Conventional and nuclear power plant, petroleum refinery, chemical industry, natural gas transmission, food processing and pharma industry, water and sewage plants, air conditioning and refrigeration system.

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Fluctuating temperatures, changes in pressure, and modification in flow rate.

Fluid velocity is controlled to prevent operational problems such as water hammer, steam hammer, relief valve discharge loading, and vibrational loads.

Why is fluid velocity controlled?

July 29, 2015

Fluid velocity is controlled to prevent operational problems such as water hammer, steam hammer, relief valve discharge loading, and vibrational loads.

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A two phase flow is when phases do not consist of same chemical substance.

Piping systems use pumps to develop the pressure or head required to maintain the system design flow rates.

Piping system pressure drops must be maintained within reasonable values to limit the installed size of the system pumps and their prime movers.

Dynamic head is the equivalent height of a fluid that is to be pumped, taking into account the friction losses in the pipe.

What is dynamic head?

July 27, 2015

Dynamic head is the equivalent height of a fluid that is to be pumped, taking into account the friction losses in the pipe.

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System static head is the internal energy of fluid due to the pressure exterted on its container.

Back syphonage is an open system connected to a closed system and the pressure in the closed system falls below atmospheric pressure so then the open system can force fluid into a closed system.

Back pressure is a high pressure system cross connected with a lower pressure system where the high pressure system can force fluid into the low pressure system.

Backflow or reverseflow is caused through back syphonage.

The syphon principle is a system in which syphon principle is employed to carry water through elevated parts.

The first critical value of piping size criteria is allowable pressure drop for the entire network.

To add pseudo loops in the Hardy Cross method, you should add psuedo loops as required.

To assign direction, you should assign base direction and indicate whether to go clockwise or counterclockwise.