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The cold state of the piping system is initial and ambient.
The hot state of a piping system is full and operational.
Factors of high energy piping systems include: temperature, movements, complexity, multi-facet and volatile.
Types of treatment facilities are water and sewage.
“Balance of Plant” refers to the components of a piping system not included in the primary system. Examples are blowers, compressors and pumps.
Types of refineries are petroleum and chemical.

Types of power plants include conventional and nuclear. Examples include: thermal (coal, oil, nuclear and geothermal), hydroelectric, solar, wind and wave/tidal.

Types of consumer facilities are food, pharmaceutical, air and refrigeration.
Piping is used in power plants, refineries, transmission, treatment and consumer facilities.
Piping systems transfer media, including solid, liquid and gas.
Piping systems transfer resources from ports to consumers, upstream to downstream facilities and between process within facilities.
Piping systems are essential to transfer resources and transport media.

Liquid Natural Gas – It is light hydrocarbon gasses that are compressed into a liquid state for cheaper and more efficient transportation.

The clamps are distinguished by their load rating. In some cases, gas service loads could be less than loads in liquid service for the same pipe size. This would allow you to use a light duty clamp.

It is a plate welded to the outer arch of a pipe to restrict the sliding of the insulation assembly against the pipe wall.

The most common area in a pipe to find deformations is in the middle. This area is the farthest distance away from the supports.

Media that can pass through a transition piece include air, liquid, gasses, dust,dirt, and chemicals.

 

Duct work assemblies can include fabricated elbows, tees, straight sections of duct work, fabric or metallic expansion joints and can be rectangular or round.

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Duct work and expansion joint assembly.

Ducts are a series of sectioned tubes, which transfer either heated or cooled air from the furnace or air conditioner, throughout the building.

Large diameter duct work for ammonia plant
Large diameter duct work 

What is duct work?

Ducts are a series of sectioned tubes, which transfer either heated or cooled air from the furnace or air conditioner, throughout the building.

Large diameter duct work for ammonia plant
Large diameter duct work 
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We use CAESAR II software to conduct pipe stress analysis on duct systems.

66 inch duct work
66 inch duct work