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Bellows Effective Thrust Area

Bellows Expansion Joint: Pressure Loads, Anchors & Guides

Appendix

 

Bellows Effective Thrust Area

Bellows TID Fluid Area:
It seems reasonably apparent that in a system with a bellows the pipe internal fluid pressure load is not balanced by pipe longitudinal tensile forces and must be restrained by external forces. It can also be seen that if the bellows ID exceeds the pipe ID, an additional pressure force will be transmitted through the pipe as a compression load which must also be externally restrained. Hence one component of the total bellows thrust load is based on the bellows ID.

Bellows ID Area =Bull 03 a

Corrugation Sidewall Thrust: 
It can also be visualized that internal pressure acting on the sidewall of the corrugation would tend to spread the corrugation out in the longitudinal direction, and this load must be restrained by an external reaction force. As an approximation consider a 1″ wide radial strip cut out of a corrugation.

Bull 03 b

For a fixed ended beam with uniform load, RID = ROD =Bull 03 c

Hence one half of the corrugation sidewall load is carried in tension at the crest of the corrugation. The other half it transmitted through the neck of the corrugation as a compressive force. This force must be resisted by the external main anchors and results in a (generally) small longitudinal compressive stress in the pipe.

Sidewall Effective Area =Bull 03 d

But ID + h = mean dia. = Dm

Therefore, Sidewall Effective Area =Bull 03 e
Total Effective Thrust Area:<

Ae=ID area + Sidewall area

Ae=Bull 03 f
A more precise development of corrugation sidewall load and an equation for bellows effective thrust area is given in the Appendix. A comparison on 5 sample problems of typical bellows dimensions, including one extreme case of OD/ID ratio, shows that the percent error involved in using the mean diameter approximation is generally less than 1% and only 1 1/2% in the extreme example.

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