Rubber Expansion Joints Designed for Water Cooling Loops at a Chemical Plant

Type:	Neoprene Expansion Joint
Size:	3×10, 6×10, 8×12, 10×14
Material:	Neoprene Twin Sphere Rubber Tubing with 304 SS Flanges & Covers
Design	Operating Temp: 225°F at 225 PSIG \| 1-3/8″ – 1-3/4″ of Lateral Offset
Testing:	Hydro-Tested \| PMI on all Rubber Joint Root-Rings

Rubber pipe expansion joints are often used to compensate for minor misalignment and offset. The design is chemical and abrasion resistant, accommodates for higher pressures than the standard metal expansion joints, and eliminates sediment buildup. They feature an integrally flanged design that eliminates the need for gaskets and are engineered to absorb noise, vibration, and shock, enhancing system reliability and performance.. This single, wide arch, spool-type rubber expansion joint is provided with either Stainless steel or hot-dipped galvanized retaining rings. View Rubber / Fabric Expansion Joints Product Section.

These neoprene expansion joints were custom-designed for water cooling loops at a chemical plant in Louisiana. They have a neoprene twin sphere rubber tubing with 304 stainless steel flanges and covers. US Bellows fabricated five of each of the following dimensions: 3×10, 6×10, 8×12, and 10×14. They were designed for an operating temperature of 225°F at 225 PSIG and 1-3/8″ – 1-3/4″ of lateral offset. The units were hydro-tested and PMI on all rubber joint root-rings prior to shipment.

Besides chemical plants, other plants that utilize rubber expansion joints are air scrubber systems, sewage treatment, wastewater treatment, and water treatment plants. Combined cycle power plants also often utilize rubber spool-type expansion joints.

No matter the application, our team of experienced engineers and designers can help to resolve your expansion joint needs. Please contact us via our 24×7 emergency service or send an email to info@pipingtech.com.

PT&P REF. ORIGINAL POST 06242020

42″ SINGLE EXPANSION JOINTS FOR AN EXHAUST DUCT APPLICATION AT A TURBINE FACILITY IN Michigan

Usbellows single expansion joint 132974

Type: Single Expansion Joints

Size: 42″ ID | 24″Face-To-Face

Material: Inconel 600 | 304 Stainless Steel | Carbon Steel

Design: 350°F Operating Temp. @ 100 PSIG | 0.75″ Lateral

Testing: Hydro-tested

These single expansion joints were custom-designed by US Bellows for an exhaust duct application in the turbines of a pressurized water nuclear power plant in Michigan. The bellows were fabricated to meet the plant’s specific operating conditions, accommodating the required axial and lateral movements, and were constructed from high-performance alloys to withstand elevated temperatures and pressures typical of turbine exhaust systems. There is a clear resurgence in upgrading and servicing turbine facilities to meet datacenter demand, as AI-driven power loads outpace grid capacity. Operators are overhauling existing turbines and deploying new high-efficiency units to provide reliable, large-scale, and dispatchable power close to datacenter campuses.

For this project, the units have a 42” ID and are 27” face-to-face. The bellows were fabricated from Inconel 600, the liners from 304 stainless steel, and the cover, limit rods, and hardware from carbon steel with red oxide primer on all exposed carbon steel. It is important to note that our manufacturing and production abilities around mixed metallurgy are unique in that we can isolate and manage different metals in our production, but also have the experience, depending on the client’s needs.

These units are designed for an operating temperature of 350°F at 100 psig, 0.625” of axial compression, and 0.75” of lateral deflection. The expansion joints were hydro-tested prior to shipment.

Over 60-65% of the expansion joints we provided replace existing units. US Bellows is not necessarily the OEM in all cases; however, we have the experience to manufacture, repair, or audit our designs and others as we are members of EJMA with deep expertise in expansion joint design and manufacturing for over 50 years, with an in-house Field service team. Our expansion joint engineers use the EJMA (Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association) latest edition to maintain a calculations-based spreadsheet and a stand-alone engineering design software program for the ASME ( American Society of Mechanical Engineers) code section VIII-based calculations to design expansion joints.

Applications for expansion joints include:

Fossil Fuel Power Plant Chemicals and Petrochemical Stationary Engine Exhaust Pulp, Paper, Wood Pellets

Power (Nuclear/Fossil Fuel/Renewables) Heat Exchangers Municipal Water Districts Space Aviation/Aerospace Engine Exhaust

District Energy FCC Units Wastewater Treatment Truck Exhausts

Gas Turbines Navy Biofuels/Solid Waste Incineration Steel Mills/Blast Furnaces/Mining

Steam Distribution Kilns Solar/Environmental Applications Marine Piping and Exhaust

Geothermal Power Plants Furnace Sealing Bags HVAC Building and Heating Systems Liquefied Natural Gas Service (LNG)

Refineries Education/Labs Food Processing Cement Manufacturing

PT&P REF. ORIGINAL POST 11252019

Expansion Joints for High-Temperature Applications

High tempature expansion joint 03

What are High-Temperature Expansion Joints?

Expansion joints for high-temperature applications are engineered to accommodate significant thermal expansion, contraction, and vibration in systems operating at temperatures often exceeding 750°F.

Their crucial role lies in accommodating the thermal expansion that pipes experience when transporting high-temperature media, thereby preventing high stresses, bent pipes, cracks, and failures.

Why are Standard Expansion Joints Insufficient for High-Temperature Applications?

Standard expansion joints are manufactured with stainless steel alloys that may rapidly degrade when exposed to continuous high temperatures or rubber, which would melt at high temperatures.

These materials lose their elasticity and become brittle, leading to premature failure.

High temperatures could also exacerbate other issues in expansion joints, such as:

Deformation (Creep): Materials deform permanently under sustained stress at high temperatures.
Oxidation & Corrosion: Chemical reactions accelerate, leading to material degradation.
Thermal Fatigue: Thermal cycles cause weakening and cracking.

High-temperature expansion joints, essential in many industrial applications, rely on refractory‑lined expansion joints and insulation materials to form a protective liner cover that resists extreme heat and prevents thermal stress.

Temperature Ratings and Applications of Expansion Joint Materials

Expansion joints for high-temperature environments are designed using a range of specialized materials, each chosen for its ability to withstand heat, maintain mechanical strength, and resist oxidation, creep, and corrosion.

The chart below illustrates the maximum temperature ratings of commonly used materials, including high-nickel alloys (Inconel 625, Incoloy 800/H/HT, and Hastelloy 276), specialized stainless steels (304, 321/347, and 310), fabric composites, and internal insulating materials, along with their typical applications.

From refineries, aerospace, and chemical plants to ducting systems, boilers, and pollution control facilities, the chart provides a clear comparison of where each material is most effective.

Notably, for environments exceeding 1800°F, internal insulating materials such as ceramic fibers, mineral wool, and refractory linings are recommended to protect components. Temperature ratings indicated are without added insulation.

Expansion joint material temperature graph

Why Choose US Bellows for Your High-Temperature Expansion Joints?

US Bellows stands as a leader in designing and manufacturing custom-engineered solutions that meet the most stringent industrial demands. With decades of experience, cutting-edge technology, and a commitment to quality, our team delivers durable, high-performance expansion joints that ensure the safety of your high-temperature systems.

Most of our expansion joints manufactured for high-temperature piping systems, can be designed, manufactured, and out the door within eight weeks.

Investing in the right materials, design, and maintenance practices for these specialized joints can significantly extend the lifespan of your valuable infrastructure.

Contact Our Experts: Do you need a high-temperature expansion joint solution tailored to your extreme conditions? Connect with our engineering team today for a personalized consultation.

Get a Quote: Request a detailed quote to optimize your high-temperature operations with our durable expansion joints.

Interested in a 3D Model of our Products?

Click on the button below, fill out a form, and get 3D printed models mailed directly to your address!

REQUEST A 3D PIPE SUPPORT MODEL

Replacing Metal and Fabric Expansion Joints

Prevent Failures, Downtime, and Costly Repairs

If your metal or fabric expansion joints are showing signs of wear, the cost of them failing far exceeds the cost of proactive replacement. In high-demand industrial environments, waiting until failure occurs can result in unplanned shutdowns, safety incidents, and costly emergency repairs.

Knowing when to replace expansion joints is crucial for protecting your investment and maintaining optimal operational efficiency.

EJMA recommends routine inspections as part of a proactive maintenance strategy to extend the life of your piping system and avoid unexpected downtime. Keeping a spare expansion joint on hand is a proven best practice to reduce downtime risk, particularly in critical service applications where delays are costly.

Concerned about your current expansion joints? Request a virtual system evaluation.

Our on-site field services team has the expertise to respond quickly in both planned and emergency situations for pipe expansion joints and supports.

The Ripple Effect of Expansion Joint Failure

When an expansion joint fails, the consequences often reach beyond the point of failure:

- 1. Systemic Damage to the Piping System and Equipment:

- When an expansion joint fails to absorb movement, the stresses are transferred to other parts of the piping system. This can lead to damaged welds, misaligned pipes, damage to pumps and other connected equipment, and even structural damage to the plant itself.

- 2. Environmental and Safety Risks:

- When an expansion joint leaks or ruptures, it loses its sealing capability, allowing hazardous gases or fluids to escape. This can trigger environmental contamination, require costly cleanup operations, and result in OSHA violations.More critically, it creates serious safety hazards for personnel, increasing the risk of injuries, fines, and liability claims.Escaping media can also introduce corrosive substances into the surrounding environment, accelerating equipment damage and compounding safety concerns.
- 3. Lost Production and Increased Operating Costs:

- Failures often require immediate shutdowns, halting production for hours or days. Flow disruptions force pumps to work harder to compensate for the downtime, which drives up energy costs and lowers efficiency.

Bottom line: Proactive replacement prevents a cascading chain of damage, downtime, and costs that can cripple operations.

Visit our Expansion Joint Failure Landing page to access the free Expansion Joint Replacement FAQ guide. The page explains common failure causes and allows you to quickly complete a short form to download your copy, which covers inspections, crack detection, and proven practices to protect your infrastructure.

Proactive vs. Reactive Maintenance

Planned replacement beats emergency repairs every time, in terms of cost, safety, and operational control.

Why Proactive Replacement Works

Predictable Costs: Budget replacements on your terms, not under emergency pressure.
Controlled Downtime: Schedule replacements during planned outages.
Extended System Life: Reduce wear on your entire piping system by replacing joints before failure.

The Cost of Waiting

Unplanned Shutdowns: Every hour of lost production cuts directly into revenue.
Emergency Premiums: Rush sourcing and after-hours labor inflate repair costs.
Collateral Damage: A single failure can damage multiple system components.

Know When It’s Time to Replace

Don’t wait for failure to tell you your expansion joints are past their service life.

Our Expansion Joint Checklist helps you:

Spot leaks or weeping
Signs that show you it’s time for a replacement
Avoid costly emergency downtime

Download the Expansion Joint Checklist and protect your pipes before problems start.

Why Choose US Bellows?

We engineer expansion joints for the highest performance and reliability in demanding applications.

Our streamlined manufacturing processes and commitment to on-time deliveries mean that when you need an expansion joint, you’re not waiting weeks for a critical component.

By partnering with us, you’re not just buying an expansion joint; you’re investing in the long-term health of your infrastructure.

Download our Expansion Joint Replacement Checklist and Expansion Joint Replacement FAQ guide today to assess the health of your expansion joint.

Understanding Metallic Bellows: Types and Key Benefits

Metal bellows

Metallic bellows, also known as metal bellows or metal expansion joints, are engineered flexible metal tubes designed with multiple convolutions for both flexibility and sealing.

They absorb movement, vibration, and thermal expansion in countless industrial applications. You’ll find them everywhere, from tiny instruments to huge piping systems, always quietly doing their job of keeping things flexible and sealed up tight.

This article will provide an introductory overview of metallic bellows. If you want to learn more, read about the challenges and solutions in engineering a strong bellows.

What are Metallic Bellows?

Metallic bellows are flexible, thin-walled metal components characterized by a series of parallel folds or convolutions. These convolutions allow the bellows to extend, compress, and bend, accommodating dynamic changes within a system while maintaining a hermetic, tight seal.

They are typically manufactured from ductile metals, such as stainless steel, nickel alloys, and titanium, which are chosen for their durability, corrosion resistance, and ability to withstand extreme temperatures and pressures.

How Metallic Bellows Work

The unique flexibility of metal bellows stems from their corrugated, folded design. When they’re pushed, pulled, or bent (engineers call this axial, lateral, or angular movement), these convolutions deform elastically, distributing stress evenly across the entire material.

This allows them to absorb significant displacement without compromising their structural integrity or sealing capabilities.

The number of convolutions, their depth, and the material thickness are all carefully calculated during the bellows design phase to achieve the desired spring rate, movement capacity, pressure rating, and cycle life for specific applications.

How We Manufacture Metallic Bellows

The manufacturing process significantly influences the characteristics and applications of different types of metallic expansion joints:

Punch-Forming (or Expansion-Forming) is cost-effective for high-volume production, offers moderate flexibility, are ideal for applications like expansion joints in piping systems, petrochemical refineries, and power plants.

Key Advantages of Metallic Bellows

Stainless steel metallic bellows expansion joint for industrial piping systems
The widespread adoption of metallic bellows across diverse industries is proof of the value they deliver, including:

Exceptional Flexibility: They effectively absorb axial, lateral, and angular movements, preventing stress on rigid components.
Hermetic Sealing: Their precisely welded construction ensures leak-tight operation, which is crucial for vacuum applications, fluid transfer, and the containment of hazardous media.
Vibration Damping: Metal bellows excel in applications with high-frequency and low-amplitude vibrations, preventing fatigue damage to adjacent machinery and piping.
- However, vibrations from reciprocating machines (low frequency and high amplitude) will cause harm to the metal bellows. Pressure pulsing vibrations can not be dampened by metal bellows. In applications like these, we recommend using other vibration isolators and dampeners on the line, such as anchors, covers, and pads.
Thermal Expansion Compensation: They readily accommodate changes in length caused by temperature fluctuations, protecting pipelines and equipment from thermal stress.
High Reliability and Durability: When properly designed and manufactured from suitable materials, metallic bellows offer a long service life, even in extreme environments, thereby reducing maintenance and downtime.
Corrosion Resistance: Available in various alloys, they can withstand corrosive substances and harsh industrial conditions.
Precision Movement Control: Essential for sensitive instruments, robotics, and aerospace applications that require precise adjustments.

Selecting the Right Bellows for Your Project’s Needs

Proper selection and installation are crucial for the long-term performance of metallic bellows. Factors to consider include:

Application type: What type of facility, equipment, and media will be used for the metallic bellows?
Operating Conditions: Temperature, pressure, and the nature of the media (such as corrosive or abrasive) significantly influence material selection and design.
Movement Requirements: The type and magnitude of anticipated axial, lateral, and angular movements dictate the bellows’ design and convolution profile.
Cycle Life: The expected number of flex cycles is a critical factor in determining the bellows’ material and wall thickness.
Material Compatibility: Ensuring the bellows material is compatible with the conveyed media prevents corrosion and premature failure.
Installation Practices: Correct installation, including proper alignment and anchoring, is vital to prevent overextension, over-compression, and premature fatigue.

Applications Across Industries

Market	Key Applications
Power Generation	Steam lines, HRSGs, FGD ducts, turbine exhaust, air preheaters, stacks
Petrochemical & Refining	FCCU lines, fired heaters, oxidizers, flare lines, reactor piping
Chemical Processing	Corrosive media piping, heat exchangers, scrubbers, reactor headers
Cement, Steel, and Mining	Kiln ducts, clinker cooler, ESPs, fans, combustion air ducts
Pulp & Paper	Recovery boiler ducts, kiln exhaust, black liquor units, stacks
Marine & Offshore	Engine exhausts, seawater cooling, ballast piping, diesel generator lines
HVAC, Utility & District Energy	Steam/chilled water piping, underground lines, pumps, exchangers
Nuclear Power	Reactor coolant systems, steam generators, safety relief piping, air handling ducts
Semiconductor Manufacturing	Ultra-pure water systems, exhaust ducts, vibration isolation for precision tools
Electric Vehicle (EV) Manufacturing	Battery line cooling systems, HVAC, test station piping, compressed air lines
Data Centers	Chilled water piping, thermal expansion in raised floors, generator exhaust, HVAC systems

Why Choose US Bellows for Your Expansion Joints

With over 4,500 expansion joints shipped last year, US Bellows combines unmatched expertise with advanced manufacturing capabilities.

Our dedicated industrial engineering team streamlines production using digital work instructions and specialized processes for welding thin-gauge superalloys.

Backed by Piping Technology’s large-scale operation, we can quickly scale output with cross-trained welders and support teams to meet demanding schedules. Every joint is built under rigorous quality control, ensuring long-lasting performance and reliability in the toughest applications.

Ready to get started?

Get detailed specifications, material options, and design guidelines for our full line of metallic bellows and expansion joints. Download the US Bellows catalog today and find the right solution for your next project.

Download the Catalog or Request a Quote Today.

High Heat Expansion Joints Green Steel

$Expansion joints refractory lined metal expansion joints$

Manufactured for the Heat: Refractory-Lined Metal Expansion Joints Installed at Biocarbon Plant

Standard solutions won’t hold up when your process demands performance under extreme conditions. US Bellows engineered and manufactured more than 60 custom refractory-lined metal expansion joints for a new biocarbon production facility in Columbus, Mississippi. These units are designed to perform in the intense operating conditions required to support sustainable aluminum and steel manufacturing.

Refractory-lined metal expansion joints are critical in protecting piping systems operating at high temperatures—up to 2,800°F, like in this project. They allow pipes to expand and contract to help prevent stress on the system. The refractory lining is made of insulating materials to act as a thermal barrier and protect the underlying metal structure from extreme temperatures.

Refractory-lined metal expansion joints are critical components in systems like a biocarbon production facility due to the extremely high temperatures and abrasive materials involved in the process.

Project Spotlight: Supporting a Greener Future in Metal Production

$Refractory-lined metal expansion joints$

These refractory-lined metal expansion joints were manufactured for a new biocarbon production facility that will process over 160,000 metric tons of renewable biocarbon annually, supplying a critical resource for producing green steel and aluminum. Located adjacent to a major aluminum rolling mill, the site is part of a broader initiative to reduce industrial reliance on fossil fuels..

US Bellows delivered these units to meet strict project specs, ensuring seamless integration, long-term durability, and compliance with all temperature and pressure conditions.

US Bellows supplied more than 60 Refractory-lined metal expansion joints for this project. These units varied in size from 56 to 144 inches in diameter and were designed to accommodate temperatures ranging from 1,600°F to 2,800°F and pressures up to 15 psi. The most robust expansion joints—exposed to the highest thermal and mechanical stress—are installed near the combustor and furnace. Lower-temperature units are located along the process exhaust lines. Each expansion joint was fabricated with a carbon steel shell, cover, and hardware, while the bellows were made from Incoloy 800 for superior high-temperature resistance.

Industry: Green Steel

A green steel industry aims to produce steel by replacing coal with renewable energy sources, like biocarbon, significantly reducing carbon emissions. Biocarbon, derived from sustainable biomass, acts as a renewable substitute for fossil-based carbon in steelmaking, contributing to a more sustainable production process

The biocarbon facility in Columbus, MS, will process forest and sawmill residues to produce over 160,000 metric tons of biocarbon annually. It is strategically located next to a flat-rolled aluminum mill, requiring approximately 900,000 metric tons of aluminum slab supply

Our refractory-lined metal expansion joints are helping this facility maintain thermal integrity and system flexibility during production, contributing to lower emissions and improved energy efficiency.

Full Support for Green Steel Manufacturing

Piping Technology & Products, the parent company of US Bellows, manufactures a full range of engineered solutions for high-temperature, high-performance industrial systems:

Refractory-lined metal expansion joints
Engineered pipe shoes and anchors
Metal and fabric expansion joints
Slide plates and pre-insulated supports
High-temperature insulation systems

From renewable energy facilities to aluminum and steel production, we help EPCs deliver complex systems on spec, on time, and built for the future.

Need help specifying a piping support system for a high-heat application?

11′ Fabric Expansion Joints Designed for a Gas Turbine Exhaust

133321a1

US Bellows fabricated rectangular fabric expansion joints for a gas turbine. They are 136″ L x 54″ W 12″ face-to-face. The frame and liner are fabricated from stainless steel, and the fabric belt is 1-ply PTFE. The expansion joints are designed for 600°F at +/- 100″ water column. Dye penetrant examination was performed on the welds prior to shipment.

In gas turbine installations, fabric expansion joints are essential for managing the high-temperature exhaust gases that flow from the turbine into downstream components such as heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs), bypass stacks, and emissions control systems. These joints are typically installed in the rectangular ductwork that channels exhaust flow, and they provide the flexibility needed to absorb thermal expansion, vibration, and slight misalignments between components. Because gas turbines operate at extreme temperatures and may cycle frequently, fabric expansion joints are engineered with high-performance materials, such as PTFE, silicone, or high-temp insulation layers, to withstand intense heat, pressure fluctuations, and corrosive gases. Their ability to handle large movements and simplify maintenance access makes them a preferred solution over rigid metal joints in many turbine exhaust applications.

Rectangular fabric expansion joints are a critical component in industrial ducting systems where flexibility, thermal movement, and vibration isolation are essential. These joints are widely used in power plants, refineries, steel mills, cement plants, and other heavy industrial environments—particularly in systems that carry hot gases, air, or exhaust rather than liquids. Their lightweight and flexible design allows them to absorb multi-directional movements and misalignments that occur in large duct systems, especially around boilers, precipitators, scrubbers, and stacks. Fabric joints can be customized with layers of insulation, reinforcement, and protective coatings to handle high temperatures, chemical exposure, and particulate-laden flows, making them a smart, cost-effective solution in challenging service conditions.

PT&P REF. ORIGINAL POST 02162014

Custom-Designed Single Flanged Expansion Joints

Us bellows single expansion joint 157943

Type:	Single Flanged Expansion Joint
Size:	6″ to 18″ Dia. Range
Material:	321 Stainless Steel \| 304 SS \| 316 SS
Design	1055°F \| 2 psig \| 5/8 ” Axial Travel \| 5/8″ Lateral Offse
Testing:	100% Dye-Penetrant \| Air, Soap, & Bubble

U.S. Bellows provided single expansion joints custom-designed for an oil refinery. The 12″ diameter bellows are fabricated from 321 stainless steel, the liner is 304 stainless and the flanges are fabricated from carbon steel.

Other single type expansion joints for this client’s order varied in diameter from 6″ to 18″, and were constructed using 316 stainless steel for the bellows, liners, and flanges. The design conditions were as follows: a design temperature of 1055°F, an operating pressure of 2 psig, an axial travel of 5/8″, and a lateral offset of 5/8″. Each unit underwent hydrostatic testing before shipment. U.S. Bellows offers expansion joint solutions for a wide range of industries, including biofuels and bioenergy, carbon black, paper mills, sugar mills, and wastewater management.

PT&P REF. ORIGINAL POST 10142020

Rectangular Fabric Expansion Joint for a Ventilation Air Filter System at a Gas Turbine Facility

Type:	Rectangular Fabric Expansion Joint
Size:	153″ long x 55″ wide x 21″ face-to-face
Material:	PTFE fiber glass reinforced / A572 Gr.50 high strength steel frame & liner
Design:	-20°F to +200°F at +/- 100″ water column
Testing:	100% Dye-Penetrant

U.S. Bellows designed this rectangular fabric expansion joint for a ventilation air filter system at a gas turbine facility. The dimensions for the expansion joint are 153" long x 55" wide x 21" face-to-face. The fabric belt is made from PTFE fiber glass reinforced, while the frame and liner are fabricated from A572 Gr.50 high strength steel. The expansion joint is designed for -20°F to +200°F at +/- 100" water column. A dye penetrant examination on the welds was performed prior to shipment.

PT&P REF. ORIGINAL POST 10182016

11 Foot Long Universal Gimbal Expansion Joints Designed for an Oil Refinery in Canada

Type:	Universal Gimbal Expansion Joint
Size:	102″ – 133″ L \| 41.5″ W \| 41.75″ H \| 32″ diameter
Material:	Carbon Steel \| 304 Stainless Steel
Design:	100°F @ 285 PSIG \| 102 lb/in/degree Rotational Spring Rate \| 15.4″ Lateral Deflection
Testing:	Hydrotested @ 428 PSIG

U.S. Bellows custom designed these universal gimbal expansion joints for an oil refinery in Canada. The bellows and liners are fabricated from 304 stainless steel, and the remainder of the components are fabricated from carbon steel. The units range from 102″ to 133″ long respectively, and sizes supplied are 12″NPS with a gimbal box 27″ wide, 27.5″ tall, and 24″ NPS with a gimbal box 41.25″ wide, 41.75″ tall. They are designed for an operating temperature of 100°F at 285 PSIG, with a 102 lb/in/degree rotational spring rate and 15.4″ of lateral deflection. The expansion joints were 100% dye-penetrant tested and hydro-tested at 428 PSIG prior to shipment.

Gimbal expansion joints are used in a variety of industrial applications where piping systems experience multidirectional movements due to thermal expansion, vibrations, or other external forces. Here are some common areas where gimbal expansion joints are utilized:

Power plants: In both fossil fuel and nuclear power plants, gimbal expansion joints are used in the steam, water, and exhaust systems to accommodate thermal expansion and prevent stress on the piping.

Refineries and petrochemical plants: These joints are essential in refineries and petrochemical facilities to manage the thermal expansion in pipelines carrying various fluids, including high-temperature hydrocarbons, to ensure safe and efficient operations.

Oil and gas industry: Gimbal expansion joints are employed in pipelines that transport oil, gas, and other fluids, especially in offshore drilling platforms, to handle the dynamic movements caused by waves, currents, and thermal effects.

Shipbuilding: In marine applications, gimbal expansion joints are used in the exhaust systems of ships to absorb vibrations and accommodate thermal expansion caused by the operation of engines and other machinery.

Aerospace and defense: These joints are also found in aerospace applications, such as in rocket propulsion systems, to absorb the significant thermal expansion and mechanical stresses during launch and flight.

PT&P REF. ORIGINAL POST 10012018

Glossary

ADJUSTABLE	HOT PISTON SETTING	PIPE HANGER FRICTION LOAD	SNUBBER
ADJUSTMENT DEVICE	HYDRAULIC SNUBBER	PIPE HANGER HOT LOAD	SPIDER GUIDE
ALL THREAD ROD	HYDROSTATIC LOCK	PIPE HANGER SEISMIC LOAD	SPLIT RING
ALLOY PIPE CLAMP	HYDROSTATIC TEST	PIPE HANGER THERMAL LOAD	SPRING CUSHION HANGER
ANCHOR	HYDROSTATIC TEST LOAD	PIPE HANGER WATER HAMMER LOAD	SPRING CUSHION ROLL
ANCHOR BOLTS	INSERT	PIPE ROLL	SPRING HANGER
BAND HANGER	INSERT NUT	PIPE SADDLE SUPPORTS	SPRING SNUBBER
BEAM CLAMP	INSTRUMENT SUPPORTS	PIPE SHOE	SPRING SWAY BRACE
BIG TON SPRING	JACKET	PIPE SLIDE	STANCHION
BRACKET	KNEEBRACE	PIPE SUPPORT	STEEL CLEVIS
BULK MATERIAL	LIGHT BRACKET	PLATE LUG	STOP
“C” CLAMP	LIMIT STOP	PROTECTION SADDLE	STRUCTURAL ATTACHMENT
CENTER BEAM CLAMP	LINER	PROTECTION SHIELD	STRUT
CHANNEL CLAMP	LOAD ADJUSTMENT SCALE	RESTRAINT	SWAY BRACE
CLEVIS HANGER	LOAD BOLT OR PIN	RESTRAINING CONTROL DEVICE	SWIVEL TURNBUCKLE
COLD PISTON SETTING	LOAD COUPLING	RIGID HANGER	THREE BOLT PIPE CLAMP
COLD SETTING	LOAD INDICATOR	RIGID SUPPORT	TOP BEAM CLAMP
COLD SPRING	LOAD SCALE	RISER	TRAPEZE HANGER
COMPLETELY ENGINEERED HANGER ASSEMBLY	LOAD VARIATION	RISER CLAMP	TRAVEL INDICATOR
COMPONENT	MARK NUMBER	ROD COUPLING	TRAVEL SCALE
CONCRETE FASTENER	MECHANICAL SNUBBER	ROD HANGER	TRAVEL STOP
CONCRETE INSERT BOX	MEDIUM BRACKET	ROLL STAND	TURNBUCKLE
CONSTANT SUPPORT HANGER	MULTIPLE SUPPORT	ROLL AND PLATE	U-BOLT
DEVIATION	NON-METALLIC WEAR PAD	ROLL HANGER	VAPOR BARRIER
ELBOW LUG	OFFSET	ROLL PLATE	VARIABILITY
EMBED PLATES	PIPE ATTACHMENT	SADDLE	VARIABLE SPRING HANGER
EXTENSION RISER CLAMP	PIPE CLAMP	SEMI-ENGINEERED HANGER ASSEMBLY	WELDED BEAM ATTACHMENT
EXTENSION SPLIT CLAMP	PIPE CLIP	SHEAR LUG	WELDED PIPE ATTACHMENT
EYE ROD	PIPE COVERING PROTECTION SADDLE	SHIELD	WELDING LUG
EYE SOCKET	PIPE HANGER	SIDE BEAM BRACKET	WELDLESS EYE NUT
FORGED CLEVIS	PIPE HANGER ASSEMBLY	SIDE BEAM CLAMP	WIDE FLANGE BEAM CLAMP
GUIDE	PIPE HANGER COLD LOAD	SINGLE PIPE ROLL	YOKE U-BOLT
HANGER ROD	PIPE HANGER COLD SPRING LOAD	SLEEPER
HEAVY BRACKET	PIPE HANGER DEADWEIGHT LOAD	SLIDE PLATE
HORIZONTAL TRAVELER	PIPE HANGER DESIGN LOAD	SLIDING SUPPORT

Adjustable: Having linear adjustment capability (usually with threads).Adjustment Device: Components which provide for linear adjustability (e.g.) Turn-buckle, Hanger Rod, Nut, and Load Coupling.

All Thread Rod: A rod threaded its full length. (See Product)

Alloy Pipe Clamp: A Pipe Clamp made from low chrome-moly (less than 5% chrome) materials for the purpose of resisting the effects of piping temperatures in the 750 degrees F. to 1,100 degrees F range. (See Product)

Anchor: A rigid device used to prevent essentially all pipe rotation and displacement at the point of application.

Anchor Bolts: Threaded items used to attach embed plates into concrete on structural supports.

Band Hanger: A Pipe Attachment providing for vertical adjustment, consisting principally of a formed steel strap.

Beam Clamp: A type of forged or fabricated clamp that is used to attach rod hangers to beams by clamping onto the load flange. (See Product)

Big Ton Spring: A multi-spring coil device that lends itself to supporting very high loads and providing a great amount of stability. (See Product)

Bracket: Cantilevered member, with or without a kneebrace, designed to withstand a gravity load and/or horizontal forces.

Bulk Material: Material which has been packaged in a manner in which identical items are grouped together and are identified only by quantity, size and/or manufacturer’s figure number.

“C” Clamp: “C” shaped Beam Clamp which attaches to a flange of a structural member and provides for attaching a threaded rod. (See Product)

Center Beam Clamp: A jaw type Beam Clamp for use with I-beams and wide flange beams which provides a centered beam connection for the remainder of the Pipe Hanger Assembly.

Channel Clamp: A Side Beam Clamp with channel adapter and hook rod, which attaches to the bottom flange of a channel beam and provides a connection for the remainder of the Pipe Hanger Assembly.

Clevis Hanger: A Pipe Attachment providing vertical adjustment, consisting of a clevis type top bolted to a formed steel bottom strap. (See Product)

Cold Piston Setting: An indicated piston position on a Hydraulic Snubber, denoting proper installation setting of the unit with the piping in the cold position.

Cold Setting: The position at which a Spring Hanger or Mechanical Snubber indicator is set denoting the proper installation setting of the unit with the piping in the cold position.

Cold Spring: The act of pre-stressing a piping system during installation in order that the equipment reactions will be lower in the operating condition. This pre-stress is accomplished by the proper closure of the Cut Short gaps.

Completely Engineered Hanger Assembly: Pipe Hanger Assembly which has been designed, detailed and provided with a complete bill of material.

Component: Any of a range of devices which are used to make up a Pipe Hanger Assembly.

Concrete Fastener: A device installed in concrete by means of a drilled hole, to which a pipe hanger can be attached.

Concrete Insert Box: A cast-in-place insert which provides for a rod attachment capable of nominal lateral adjustment.

Constant Support Hanger: A mechanical and spring coil device which produces a relatively constant supporting effect, while permitting vertical pipe movement. (See Product)

Deviation: A term used to describe the accuracy of a Constant Support Hanger which is a measure of the maximum difference between the actual and specified supporting effect, through its travel cycle, expressed as a percentage.

Elbow Lug: A Pipe Attachment welded to an elbow for the purpose of attaching the remainder of the Pipe Hanger Assembly.

Embed Plates: Steel plates sunk into concrete piers used to provide structural support for pipe racks, pipe supports, etc.

Extension Riser Clamp: A Pipe Clamp for the support of vertical piping, whose ears have been extended to permit the transfer of the piping load to a bearing surface upon which the ears of the clamp will rest.

Extension Split Clamp: A Pipe Clamp primarily used on non-insulated piping and provided with a female threaded attachment.

Eye Rod: A Hanger Rod having an end formed in a circular or pear shape, permitting attachment to other components by means of a bolt or pin. The eye may be forged, welded or non-welded. (See Product)

Eye Socket: A device which provides for the attachment of a threaded Hanger Rod to the bolt of another component.

Forged Clevis: A device which provides for the attachment of a threaded Hanger rod to a bolted or pinned connection.

Guide: A device used to permit pipe movement in a predetermined direction while restraining movement in other directions.

Hanger Rod: Round steel bar normally threaded used to connect other components, to make up a Pipe Hanger Assembly. (See Product)

Heavy Bracket: A Bracket used for the support of heavy loads.

Horizontal Traveler: Any device which will permit the upper end of a Pipe Hanger to move in a manner which will accommodate horizontal piping. (See Product)

Hot Piston Setting: The position at which the piston on a Hydraulic Snubber should be with the piping in the hot or operating position.

Hydraulic Snubber: A hydraulic cylinder or rotating vane device used for the control of shock or sway in piping systems, while allowing for normal thermal expansion. (See Product)

Hydrostatic Lock: See Travel Stop.

Hydrostatic Test: A pre-operational test, whereby the piping system is subjected to a pressurized fluid test in excess of the operational pressure to assure the integrity of the system. (See Test)

Hydrostatic Test Load: A temporary loading condition consisting of a total of the gravitational piping, insulation and test fluid weights for piping systems subject to hydrostatic tests. (See Test)

Insert: A device, embedded in concrete, to which a Pipe Hanger Assembly can be attached.

Insert Nut: A female threaded device which locks into position in an Insert and receives a threaded Hanger Rod.

Instrument Supports: Devices fabricated from small bore piping used to support process instrumentation such as temperature sensors, flow meters, etc. (See Product)

Jacket: A non-load bearing metal covering placed around the insulation to protect it against damage.

Kneebrace: A diagonal structural member used to transfer load or provide stability.

Light Bracket: A Bracket used for the support of light loads.

Limit Stop: An internal device built into a Variable Spring or Constant Support Hanger to prevent the overstressing of the spring coil, over-travel, or release of the load.

Liner: Material placed between pipe and pipe attachment to protect piping from damage or other undesirable effects.

Load Adjustment Scale: A scale used on a Constant Support Hanger to indicate the load adjustment.

Load Bolt or Pin: A bolt or pin which is used to support the weight being carried by the Pipe Hanger Assembly; e.g. the top pin or bolt in a Three Bolt Pipe Clamp.

Load Coupling: An Adjustment Device used to connect the Hanger Rod to a Variable Spring Hanger or Constant Support Hanger.

Load Indicator: The load plate or other means used to indicate the reading on the Load Scale of a Variable Spring Hanger.

Load Scale: A scale attached to a Variable Spring Hanger to provide a means of indicating the supported load.

Load Variation: A term associated with Variable Spring Hangers used to describe the difference in supporting effect between the hot and cold elevations of the support point.

Mark Number: A unique number used to identify pipe hangers.

Mechanical Snubber: A mechanical device used for the control of shock or sway in piping systems, while allowing for normal thermal expansion. (See Product)

Medium Bracket: A Bracket used for the support of moderate loads.

Multiple Support: A Pipe Hanger Assembly consisting of a common cross member used to support parallel run or banks of piping.

Non-Metallic Wear Pad: A sacrificial plate used to prevent damage to the pipe by absorbing the frictional load caused by the movement of pipe on structural steel. (See Product)

Offset: A relative displacement between the Structural Attachment and Pipe Attachment, which may be incorporated into the design of the Pipe Hanger Assembly to accommodate the piping movement.

Pipe Attachment: Any device used to connect the pipe to the remainder of the Pipe Hanger Assembly.

Pipe Clamp: A bolted Pipe Attachment which clamps around the pipe to connect the pipe to the remainder of a Pipe Hanger Assembly. (See Product)

Pipe Clip: A Pipe Attachment used to hold the pipe directly to a structure, also referred to as a strap or pipe strap.

Pipe Covering Protection Saddle: A device used to prevent damage to the insulation at the support point. (See Product)

Pipe Hanger: A device which is suspended from a structure and is used to carry the piping load in tension.

Pipe Hanger Assembly: A general term used to describe a series of assembled components which make up a Pipe Hanger, Pipe Support, Restraint, Anchor, Guide, etc.

Pipe Hanger Cold Load: Loading at ambient temperature, resulting from the use of Variable Spring Hangers in the support of a piping system. The cold load equals the operating load plus or minus the Load Variation.

Pipe Hanger Cold Spring Load: An additional force that may occur at a support point as a result of the Cold Spring of a piping system.

Pipe Hanger Deadweight Load: Loading condition which considers only the dead weight of the piping, insulation, and contents.

Pipe Hanger Design Load: The combination of operating and other loads as defined by job specification.

Pipe Hanger Friction Load: Loading as a result of frictional forces due to sliding surfaces.

Pipe Hanger Hot Load: Operating load on a Variable Spring Hanger (normally represents deadweight under operating conditions.)

Pipe Hanger Seismic Load: Temporary loading associated with the occurrence of an earthquake.

Pipe Hanger Thermal Load: Loading introduced by the restraint of a piping system against thermal expansion or contraction.

Pipe Hanger Water Hammer Load: Temporary loading resulting from a change in the flow rate of the piping contents.

Pipe Roll: A roller device used to support horizontal piping and provide for axial movement.

Pipe Saddle Supports: A Stanchion utilizing a curved section for cradling the pipe. (See Product)

Pipe Shoe: Normally a Tee section attached to the pipe to transmit the load or forces to the adjacent structure. (See Product)

Pipe Slide: A device consisting of a Pipe Attachment and a Slide Plate, to accommodate horizontal pipe movement.

Pipe Support: A device by which piping is carried from beneath and is used to carry the piping weight in compression.

Plate Lug: An attachment welded to a structural member or piping, to provide for a pinned or bolted connection to the remainder of a Pipe Hanger Assembly.

Protection Saddle: See Pipe Covering Protection Saddle. (See Product)

Protection Shield: A metal shield used to maintain the integrity of the Vapor Barrier and/or protect the insulation at support locations. (See Product)

Restraint: Any device which prevents, resists or limits the free movement of the piping.

Restraining Control Device: Any hydraulic, mechanical, spring, or rigid device used for the control of shock and sway in piping systems.

Rigid Hanger: A Pipe Hanger which does not permit vertical movement.

Rigid Support: A Pipe Support which does not permit vertical movement.

Riser: Any vertical portion of a piping system.

Riser Clamp: A Pipe Clamp for the support of vertical piping having separate Load Bolts, to transfer the piping load to the remainder of the Pipe Hanger Assembly. (See Product)

Rod Coupling: A tapped device used to join two threaded rods.

Rod Hanger: An adjustable vertical assembly consisting of a Structural Attachment, Hanger Rod (with or without intermediate components), and Pipe Attachments. (See Product)

Roll Stand: A pipe roller mounted in a stand, used to support horizontal piping from beneath and providing for axial movement.

Roll and Plate: A pipe roller and bearing plate used for minimal axial movement where no vertical adjustment is necessary.

Roll Hanger: A Pipe Attachment which utilizes a pipe roller for axial movement and is used in a Suspension Hanger.

Roll Plate: A flat device which provides a bearing surface for a pipe roll.

Saddle: See Pipe Covering Protection Saddle. (See Product)

Semi-Engineered Hanger Assembly: A Pipe Hanger Assembly which has been indicated on a piping drawing and has been designated as a specific type; i.e. rigid, spring, etc. with Spring Hangers indicating load, movement, spring type and size. This hanger assembly is field fabricated utilizing Bulk Material where applicable.

Shear Lug: A welded Pipe Attachment subjected primarily to shear stress, transferring axial pipe load to the supporting member.

Shield: See Protection Shield.

Side Beam Bracket: A Bracket provided with a hole in the vertical leg for bolting to the building structure and a hole in the horizontal leg to receive a threaded Hanger Rod.

Side Beam Clamp: A Beam Clamp that attaches to a flange of an I-beam or wide flange beam and provides an off-center attachment for the remainder of a Pipe Hanger Assembly.

Single Pipe Roll: A Pipe Attachment which utilizes a Pipe Roll for axial movement and is used in a Trapeze Hanger or Support.

Sleeper: A horizontal beam, usually located at grade, upon which horizontal pipe runs are supported.

Slide Plate: A flat plate whose surface has been prepared in a manner which will facilitate a sliding motion. (See Product)

Sliding Support: A device providing support from beneath by offering no resistance, other than frictional, to horizontal movement.

Snubber: A hydraulic, mechanical, or spring device used for the control of shock and sway in piping systems. (See Product)

Spider Guide: A Pipe Attachment for insulated piping used for maintaining alignment of piping through its axial expansion and contraction cycles. (See Product)

Split Ring: A Pipe Clamp used on non-insulated piping, provided with a hinge which permits installation before or after the piping is in place.

Spring Cushion Hanger: A simple, non-calibrated, single rod spring support, used for providing a cushioning effect.

Spring Cushion Roll: A pair of spring coils with retainers, for use with a Single Pipe Roll.

Spring Hanger: A Pipe Hanger, using a spring or springs, to permit vertical movement in a piping system. (See Product)

Spring Snubber: See Spring Sway Brace. (See Product)

Spring Sway Brace: A spring device used for the control of vibration or shock, or bracing against sway in piping systems. (See Product)

Stanchion: A Pipe Support using a vertical member in compression.

Steel Clevis: A forged or fabricated device used to fit over a welding lug in the attachment of a pipe to a structural support. (See Product)

Stop: A device used to limit pipe movement in a specific direction.

Structural Attachment: A device used to connect the remainder of the Pipe Hanger Assembly to the structure.

Strut: A rigid tension/compression member. (See Product)

Sway Brace: See Restraint Control Device. (See Product)

Swivel Turnbuckle: A device which provides flexibility at the pipe connection, in addition to linear adjustment for Suspension Hanger.

Three Bolt Pipe Clamp: A Pipe Clamp normally used for horizontal insulated piping, which utilizes clamping bolts to attach the clamp to the pipe and a separate Load Bolt to transfer the piping weight to the remainder of the Pipe Hanger Assembly from a point outside the insulation. (See Product)

Top Beam Clamp: A Beam Clamp which attaches to the top of a structural beam and provides an attachment to the remainder of the Pipe Hanger Assembly from the side of the beam.

Trapeze Hanger: A Pipe Hanger consisting of parallel vertical rods which are suspended from a structure and connected at their lower ends by a horizontal member from which the pipe is supported. Some of its uses are for clearing overhead obstructions or where insufficient vertical space is available to accommodate a single Suspension Hanger.

Travel Indicator: For Constant Support Hangers, a device attached to a moveable arm of a Constant Support Hanger, used to indicate the reading on the Travel Scale in order to show the vertical pipe movement. For Variable Spring Hangers, the spring load plate which indicates the reading on the Load/Travel scale in order to show the vertical pipe movement.

Travel Scale: A device attached to a spring unit, whose purpose is to provide for an indication of the vertical pipe movement.

Travel Stop: A device which temporarily locks the moveable parts of a Spring Hanger in a fixed position, enabling a load to be transferred through the Spring Hanger to the supporting structure while maintaining the piping at a desired elevation during erection and/or Hydrostatic Testing.

Turnbuckle: A device with one left-hand female threaded end and one right-hand female threaded end, used to join two threaded rods and provide linear adjustment. (See Product)

U-Bolt: A U-shaped rod with threaded ends, that fits around a pipe and is attached to a supporting member. (See Product)

Vapor Barrier: An uninterrupted covering for an insulated pipe to preclude the introduction of moisture into the insulation.

Variability: The Load Variation of a Variable Spring Hanger divided by the Hot Load expressed as a percentage.

Variable Spring Hanger: A spring coil device which produces a varying supporting effect while permitting vertical pipe movement. (See Product)

Welded Beam Attachment: A u-shaped flat bar device, normally welded to a steel beam used to connect the remainder of a Pipe Hanger Assembly. (See Product)

Welded Pipe Attachment: A Pipe Attachment which requires welding to the pipe in order to connect the pipe to the remainder of the Pipe Hanger Assembly. (See Product)

Welding Lug: A steel device that is welded to supports or structural steel to allow for the suspension of pipe using rod hangers. (See Product)

Weldless Eye Nut: A forged steel device which provides for the attachment of a threaded Hanger Rod to a bolt or pin connection. (See Product)

Wide Flange Beam Clamp with Links: A steel Beam Clamp for the suspension of pipe loads from structural beams.

Yoke U-Bolt: A type of clamp that includes a u-shaped rod with threaded ends, that fits around a pipe and is recommended for the suspension of high-temperature piping. (See Product)

Fabric Expansion Joints Designed for a Textile Sheets, Polymer and Fiber Plant

Type:	Fabric Expansion Joint
Size:	36″ L \| 24-1/2″ W \| 24-1/2″ L
Material:	1-Ply ReinForced Silicone Fabric \| Carbon Steel
Design:	300°F @ 3 PSIG \| 6″ Lateral Movement
Testing:	100% Dye-Penetrant

U.S. Bellows designed fabric expansion joint for a textile sheets, polymer, and fiber plant in Virginia. The dimensions for the expansion joints are 36″ long, 24-1/2″ wide, and 24-1/2″ long. These fabric expansion joints are fabricated of carbon steel flanges with 1-ply reinforced silicone fabric. The expansion joints are designed for 300°F with an operating pressure of 3 PSIG, and movement of 6″ lateral. A dye penetrant examination on the welds was performed prior to shipment.

Fabric expansion joints are used in a wide array of applications playing a crucial role in preventing damage to equipment, ensuring system reliability, and maintaining overall safety in industrial processes. Some examples of where they are used are:

Cement plants for ducts and exhaust systems associated with high temperature operations.
Mining industry for mineral and material handling including smelting.
HVAC systems for duct work to address any thermal movements or vibrations.
Marine and shipbuilding applications where exhaust systems, engine piping and other critical areas movement and vibrations must be managed.
Renewable energy facilities such a waste to energy or bioenergy plants in which the incineration operations are critical.
Paper and pulp mills for ducting systems in drying and paper manufacturing processes.
Steel mills for blast furnace systems and exhausting ducts.
Chemical plants to handle dynamic forces associated with chemical reactions, temperature variations and corrosive environments.
Fossil fuel and nuclear power plants to manage vibrations and thermal axial expansion that could stress components and fixed equipment.

We have a 24/7 field service team that works on fabric expansion joints. One of our loyal customers, a North American-based energy company, reached out to us for warranty work on one of our fabric expansion joints and our fierce fabric expansion joint team lead, stepped in and stepped up! She flew up to West Virginia and completed the work. We are dedicated to the success of our products in the field even after they leave our plant.

PT&P REF. ORIGINAL POST 02052019

Standard Pipe Support Components Available on Amazon

Need a standard product quickly? Or know what you need and don’t need a quote? Skip the line and order through Amazon. From forged carbon steel turnbuckles and light or heavy 2-bolt, 3-bolt pipe clamps, riser clamps to long tangent u-bolts, we stock standard sizes for your quick-turn orders.

*If you need assistance, we are always available 24×7 via our emergency service or just send an email to info@pipingtech.com.

Fig. 30 Forged Carbon Steel Turnbuckle	Fig. 60 Heavy Two-Bolt Pipe Clamp
Fig. 70 Light Three-Bolt Pipe Clamp	Fig. 80 Heavy Three-Bolt Pipe Clamp
Fig. 90 Riser Clamp	Fig. 100 Long Tangent U-Bolt
Piping Technology & Products, Inc. Expansion Joint (85 PSI)	Piping Technology & Products, Inc. Expansion Joint (150 PSI)
Piping Technology & Products, Inc. Expansion Joint (300 PSI)

Universal Hinged Fabric Expansion Joints for a Chemical Plant in Delaware

U.S. Bellows designed these hinged universal fabric expansion joints for a chemical plant in Delaware. The expansion joints are 84″ in diameter and 60″ OAL. The fabric belt is made with PTFE while the rest of the components are from carbon steel. The expansion joints are designed for an operating temperature of 650°F at 1 psig and 1/2″ of angular movement. The units were 100% dye-penetrate examined was performed prior to shipment.

PT&P REF. ORIGINAL POST 02292016

Custom Designed Externally Pressurized Expansion Joints for a Flare Header Application at a Mississippi Refinery

Type:	Externally Pressurized Expansion Joint
Size:	133 11/16″ and 120.5″ Long \| Both Have 42″ Pipe Dia.
Design:	Inconel 625 \| Carbon Steel
Material:	450°F at 108 PSIG & 31″ and 25″ Axial Compression
Testing:	Hydro-tested at 167, PMI, 100% X-Ray, and Dye-Penetrant

US Bellows custom-designed these externally pressurized expansion joints for a flare header application at a refinery in Mississippi. One unit measures 133-11/16″ long and the other measures 120-1/2″ long, and both are manufactured for a 42″ pipe diameter. The bellows were fabricated from Inconel 625 and used in conjunction with a carbon steel pipe per A671-CC-60 CL.22. The carbon steel pipe is finished with a 2-coat paint system for corrosion protection. They are manufactured for a design pressure of 108 psig at 450°F with 31″ and 25″ of axial compression. All alloy material was PMI inspected. The units were hydro tested at 167 PSIG, 100% dye-penetrant tested, and the bellows and pipe weld seams were 100% X-ray tested prior to shipment.

Expansion joint applications are varied depending on the type of plant. Some applications include:

Exhaust systems for aerospace, trucks, marine piping
Solid waste incineration for renewables and biofuel plants
Waste water treatment plants for municipal water districts, as well as manufacturing plants
Kilns in mining, food, and plastics plants
Geothermal plants
Gas turbines
FCC units
Heat exchangers
Steam distribution in geothermal plants
Water cooling systems for nuclear power plants, such as the inlet of condenser cooling water from lakes or large bodies of water
Thermal oxidizer systems in polymer processing
Boller duct expansions
Vacuum jacketed piping systems in LNG

We have built, supplied, installed, replaced, audited, repaired, and tested expansion joints for most piping system applications. Our in-house expertise in handling different types of materials needed for expansion joints made of carbon steel, stainless, alloy steel, high nickel alloys, and aluminum spans over our 48 years of work. Welding specialties include TIG, pulse-arc MIG, SMAW, SUB-ARC, and Aluminium. Our qualifications for expansion joints are ASME Section IX, AWS D1.1, NS, and MIL-STD-248. Testing can be specified to include any or all of the following, depending on project and application requirements:

Magnetic particle-dry method
Liquid penetrant-visible and fluorescent
Ultrasonic and radiography
Hydrostatic and pneumatic testing

US Bellows, a subsidiary of Piping Technology and Products, is a member of the EJMA association, which maintains a set of standards for quality expansion joint design and manufacturing. The standards are used as a worldwide reference for the proper selection and application of expansion joints.

PT&P REF. ORIGINAL POST 02202018

Fabric Expansion Joint for an Inlet Duct Application at a Gas Turbine Facility

Type:	Fabric Expansion Joint
Size:	143″ long x 61″ wide x 12″ face-to-face
Material:	PTFE Fiberglass Reinforced Fabric Belt & 304 Stainless Steel
Design:	-20°F to 600°F , +/- 100″ water column, 0.5″ Axial & 1″ Lateral
Testing:	Dye-Penetrant

U.S. Bellows fabricated this rectangular fabric expansion joint for an inlet duct application at a gas turbine facility. The unit is 143″ long x 61″ wide x 12″ face-to-face. The fabric belt is made from reinforced PTFE fiberglass and the frame and liner from 304 stainless steel. It is designed for an operating temperature ranging from -20°F to 600°F with a pressure of +/- 100″ water column, with 0.5″ of axial compression and 1″ of lateral deflection. A dye-penetrant examination was performed on all the structural frame welds prior to shipment.

- Cement plants for ducts and exhaust systems associated with high temperature operations.

- Mining industry for mineral and material handling including smelting.

- HVAC systems for duct work to address any thermal movements or vibrations.

- Marine and shipbuilding applications where exhaust systems, engine piping and other critical areas movement and vibrations must be managed.

- Renewable energy facilities such a waste to energy or bioenergy plants in which the incineration operations are critical.

- Paper and pulp mills for ducting systems in drying and paper manufacturing processes.

- Steel mills for blast furnace systems and exhausting ducts

- Chemical plants to handle dynamic forces associated with chemical reactions, temperature variations and corrosive environments.

Power plants: Fossil fuel and nuclear plants to manage vibrations and thermal axial expansion that could stress components and fixed equipment.

PT&P REF. ORIGINAL POST 06252018

Rectangular Expansion Joints Custom Designed for an Air Fan Ducting Application in Texas

Usbellows rectangular expansion joint 166850

Type: Rectangular Expansion Joints

Size: 37-3/8″ Wide | 65″ Long | 16″ FTF

Material: 304 Stainless Steel | Carbon Steel

Design: 250°F Operating Temperature @ 5 psig

Testing: 100% Dye-Penetrant

U.S. Bellows custom-designed two of these rectangular expansion joints for an air fan ducting application at a chemical facility in Texas. They are 37-3/8″ wide, 65″ long, and 16″ face-to-face. The bellows and liner were fabricated from 304 stainless steel, with the rest of the components from carbon steel. The units are designed for an operating temperature of 250°F at 5 psig. The expansion joints were 100% dye-penetrant tested prior to shipment.

Rectangular expansion joints have many applications in which they are used. They can be used in blast furnaces in steel processing facilities, APH Air preheaters in refineries, and for ducting in large systems in many industries in petrochem, mining, LNG and steel mills. We have built over 400 such units over the last couple of years of varying metallurgy ranging from carbon steel to stainless to inconel. We currently have inconel units in production for a large LNG facility to meet the newly established FERC requirements around spillage, environmental considerations, and, most importantly, safety.

Manufacturing expansion joints involves a precise blend of scientific principles and manufacturing craftsmanship. Rectangular expansion joints present distinctive challenges, particularly in relation to edge welding requirements. Without the necessary expertise, there is a risk of encountering issues such as sugaring—a form of oxidation that arises when an inadequate amount of purging gas is utilized during welding.

It’s worth noting that circumferential welds in typical round expansion joints, which are both welded and formed simultaneously, do not face the same concerns. In contrast, rectangular expansion joints undergo a two-step process where they are first formed and then welded, introducing unique considerations.

We conduct thorough in-house testing for all our expansion joints, encompassing a comprehensive range of assessments:

Burst Testing

Dye Penetration testing

Fatigue/Cycle Testing

Hydrostatic testing

Helium Leak testing

Ultrasonic Testing

Radiography Testing

PMI Testing

Pneumatic Testing

Magnetic Particle Testing

Leak Detection Testing.

Rectangular expansion joints represent a subset of the assessments conducted for typical round expansion joints. Specifically, for rectangular expansion joints, we perform leak, hydro, and pneumatic testing.

PT&P REF. ORIGINAL POST 07222019

Fabric Expansion Joints for a Carbon Gas Application at an Oil and Gas Facility

Type:	Fabric Expansion Joint
Size:	20″ Diameter & 18″ Length
Material:	1-Ply PTFE Fabric Belt/Carbon Steel Framework
Design:	-20°F/+600°F with a +/- 20″ Water Column, and +/- 1″ of Axial Compression & Lateral Offset
Testing:	100% Dye-Penetrant

US Bellows fabricated these fabric expansion joints for a carbon gas application at an oil and gas facility in Louisiana. These units are 20″ in diameter and 18″ in length. The 1-ply fabric belt is made from PTFE, and the framework is carbon steel. They are designed for an operating temperature of -20°F/+600°F with a +/- 20″ water column and +/- 1″ of axial compression and lateral offset. The welds of the units were dye-penetrant tested prior to shipment.

US Bellows and its subsidiaries have served as leading global suppliers of carbon black worldwide. Material from these plants is made to exacting standards for tires, coatings, ink, batteries, plastics, and numerous other specialty high-performance applications. Carbon black is produced from the thermal decomposition of heavy petroleum raw materials, such as coal tar, ethylene cracking tar, or FCC tar. It is widely utilized due to its various beneficial characteristics, such as increasing tread wear and rolling resistance, absorbing ultraviolet (UV) light and converting it into heat, enhancing thermal conductivity, and strengthening UV protection. Several processes, such as oil furnaces and thermal, are mainly used to manufacture carbon black. In addition to providing expansion joints, we have provided the following products from our manufactured portfolio at our facility in Houston, Texas:

Constant Spring Hangers
Metallic Expansion Joints
Pipe Shoes, Guides, and Anchors
Insulated Supports
Paddle Blinds and Spacers
Pipe Hangers Hardware
Slide Bearing Plates
Instrument Supports
Variable Spring Hangers

PT&P REF. ORIGINAL POST 08122017

Fabric Expansion Joint Designed for a High-Temperature Duct Application

Type:	Fabric Expansion Joints
Size:	67″ Long x 67″ Wide x 14″ Tall
Material:	3-Layer Fabric Belt with Kaowool Insulation 304 Stainless Steel Angle Flanges
Design	Operating Temp: 2012°F at +/- 100″ Water Column 1″ of Lateral Deflection
Testing:	100% Dye Penetrant Testing & Q.C. Inspection

Fabric Expansion Joints in High Temperatures

Fabric pipe expansion joints are often used in ducts that carry hot gasses at low pressures. The major design parameters are the temperatures and flow rates of the gasses and the amount and abrasiveness of solids suspended in the gasses.

This fabric expansion joint utilizes a bulky flexible material, also called an insulation pillow, to shield against high temperatures protecting the belting material. Refractory is also used in the construction of this joint but is designed so that it does not interfere with movement.

Our experienced engineers know that every element of this expansion joint plays a role in its rating for certain temperatures and the number of hours of operation. View Fabric Expansion Joints Product Section.

Fabric Expansion Joints in Green Tech

Fabric expansion joints are key in the systems supporting power and refining plants focused around renewable carbon-neutral product offerings. We have worked with the new entrants in the marketplace, but also helped our long-term clients transition their older fossil fuel-based assets to green technology. These plants include biochar from biomass processing, carbon black, clean hydrogen, styrene, and cement.

Looking for a fabric expansion joint, but not sure what size or material you need? Schedule time with an engineer to get your questions answered.

Did you know that US Bellows is a Piping Technology Company?
We are proud to be a one-stop solution from expansion joints to pipe supports and engineering services. We work hard to simplify your supply chain, and ensure system reliability with quality assurance.

PT&P REF. ORIGINAL POST 03182020

Pressure Balanced Tee Universal Expansion Joint for a Boiler Feed Pump Turbine Exhaust

US Bellows custom-designed a pressure-balanced tee universal expansion joint for a boiler feed pump turbine exhaust within a power plant for a major electric utility provider in the Midwest with its founding roots in the 1880s, almost 140 years ago. Today they serve over 1.7M customers in the US, focusing on electricity generation, electric power transmission, and electricity distribution.

The expansion joint is 96″ in diameter and 288″ OAL and is designed for 2″ axial movement and 1/8″ lateral movement at both 15 PSIG and full vacuum (-14.7 PSIG) at 315 °F. The bellows, liner, and turning vanes are 304 stainless steel. The remainder of the assembly is fabricated from carbon steel. The expansion joint was dye penetrant examined, and a chemical cleaning of the interior surfaces was performed to remove any oil and grease. US Bellows also conducted a stress analysis and a pneumatic test at 23 PSIG.

Our US Bellows division is a member of the Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association (EJMA). EJMA is recognized as the world’s leading authority on the proper selection and application of metallic bellows-type expansion joints for safe and reliable piping and vessel installation. As a proud member, we design and manufacture our expansion joints to meet or exceed the guidelines and practices set forth by this association.

PT&P REF. ORIGINAL POST 03/02/2021

Non Metallic Expansion Joints

Product & Application Resources